Biodiversity loss, land degradation, and resource depletion are accelerating as global consumption patterns place mounting pressure on natural ecosystems. Addressing these interconnected challenges requires moving beyond conventional conservation approaches toward frameworks that actively integrate ecological restoration with resource efficiency and economic viability. Nature-based solutions (NbS) and circular economy principles offer complementary pathways forward: one restores and strengthens natural systems, while the other redesigns how resources move through human systems to reduce waste and extend material life cycles.

This Special Issue combines nature-based solutions (NbS) with circular economy principles to address biodiversity loss, land degradation, and resource depletion. It highlights interdisciplinary approaches that integrate ecological restoration with bio-based technological innovations, economic modeling, and policy interventions, in alignment with UN SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).