Synergistic Urban Improvement: Case Study of Hikifune Neighbourhood in Tokyo
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Submitted
December 31, 2018
Published
December 31, 2018
Keywords:
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Synergistic improvement, disaster risk reduction, demographics, ineffectively used space, untapped potential
Abstract
This paper proposes the synergistic method as an alternative approach that embraces urban complexity and reverses it to a set of mutually reinforcing improvement strategies. After illustrating the general idea of synergistic improvement by examining the correlation among a number of urban issues, this paper uses the case study to explore this inter-connectivity in further details. Hikifune in Tokyo was selected as a case study because of its distinct atmosphere, historical background, and fragility in terms of demographics, natural hazards, and economics. Relevant literature, along with the empirical and statistical data, is the primary method used in this research. Relying on the discovered findings, the conclusion returns the discussion to the necessity for a synergistic improvement.
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References
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35. Sorensen, A., & Funck, C. (2007). Living Cities in Japan. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203961728.
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37. Stahle, A. (2016). Economic Values of a walkable city. The city at eye level(2nd ed.). Delft: Eburon Academic.
38. Suriya, S., & Mudgal, B. (2012). Impact of urbanization on flooding: The Thirusoolam sub watershed – A case study. Journal of Hydrology,412-413, 210-219. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.008
39. Taira, A. (2008). A Critical Review of Recent Urban Social Geography in Japan. Geographical Review of Japan,81(5), 279-291. doi:10.4157/grj.81.279
40. Takamura, G. (2015). Vacant Properties: A New Challenge for Commons Studies. International Association for the Study of the Commons. Retrieved from https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/9864/VacantProperties.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
41. Tokyo Metropolitan Government. (2010). Disaster prevention city promotion plan. Nonflammable. Unbreakable. Seismic resilient.Tokyo: Tokyo Urban Development.
42. Tomohiro, H. (2013, July). Hasegawa T. Introduction to the Building Standard Law. The Building Center of Japan (BCJ)[PPT]. Tokyo: Hasegawa T. Introduction to the Building Standard Law. The Building Center of Japan (BCJ). http://www.bcj.or.jp/ Accessed 12/08/2016.
43. Uhlenberg, P. (2000). Integration of Old and Young. The Gerontologist,40(3), 276-279. doi:10.1093/geront/40.3.276
44. Wdowinski Sh, Tsukanov I. (2011). Disaster triggers disaster: Earthquake triggering by tropical cyclones.
2. Aldrich, N. (n.d.). Disaster Planning Tips for Older Adults and their Families(Rep.). Retrieved October 29, 2017, from Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion website: https://www.cdc.gov/aging/emergency/preparedness.htm
3. Aoshima M (2016). Analysis for Efficient Use of Electricity in Elderly Households. Energy Data and Modelling Center. The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan.
4. Baker, K., Baldwin, P., Donahue, K., Flynn, A., Herbert, C., La Jeunesse, E., . . . Will, A. (2014). Housing America’s Older Adults | Meeting the Needs of an Aging Population.(Rep.) (M. Fernald, Ed.). The President and Fellows of Harvard College.
5. Bloom, D. E., Canning, D., & Fink, G. (2010). Implications of population ageing for economic growth. Oxford Review of Economic Policy,26(4), 583-612. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grq038
6. Brumann, C., & Schulz, E. (2012). Urban spaces in Japan: Culturaland social perspectives. London: Routledge.
7. Cohen, J. E. (2003). Human Population: The Next Half Century. Science,302(5648), 1172-1175. doi:10.1126/science.1088665
8. Davis, B., Parking, P., & Y. B. (n.d.). A conversation about access & mobility in the Portland-Vancouver region,. Retrieved September 12, 2017, from https://portlandtransport.com/archives/category/people/jane-jacobs-2
9. Eurostat Statistics explained. (n.d.). People in the EU - statistics on household and family ... Retrieved October 30, 2017, from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/41897.pdf
10. Faehnle, M., & Tyrväinen, L. (2013). A framework for evaluating and designing collaborative planning. Land Use Policy,34, 332-341. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.04.006
11. Feng, Z., Liu, C., Guan, X., & Mor, V. (2012). China’s Rapidly Aging Population Creates Policy Challenges In Shaping A Viable Long-Term Care System. Health Affairs,31(12), 2764-2773. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0535
12. Florida, R. (2005). Cities and the Creative Class. doi:10.4324/9780203997673
13. Hein, C. (2002). Toshikeikaku and Machizukuri in Japanese Urban Planning. Japanstudien,13(1), 221-252. doi:10.1080/09386491.2002.11826881
14. Hikifune Toko-Niyon district machizukuri council. Report on the community-based district plan for the Hikifune Toko-Niyon district. Unpublished document in Japanese; 2012.
15. Hirokawa, N., & Osaragi, T. (2016). Earthquake Disaster Simulation System: Integration of Models for Building Collapse, Road Blockage, and Fire Spread. Journal of Disaster Research,11(2), 175-187. doi:10.20965/jdr.2016.p0175
16. Hou, B., Wu, Y., Wang, J., Wu, K., & Xiao, W. (2016). Statistics and Analysis of the Relations between Rainstorm Floods and Earthquakes. Advances in Meteorology,2016, 1-13. doi:10.1155/2016/4629235
17. Ishikawa, Y. (2008). Progress in Japanese Population Geography: Retrospect and Prospect. Geographical Review of Japan,81(5), 247-261. doi:10.4157/grj.81.247
18. Jacobs, J. (1992). Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage books.
19. Krause, N. (1998). Neighborhood Deterioration, Religious Coping, and Changes in Health During Late Life. The Gerontologist,38(6), 653-664. doi:10.1093/geront/38.6.653
20. Lane, K., Charles-Guzman, K., Wheeler, K., Abid, Z., Graber, N., & Matte, T. (2013). Health Effects of Coastal Storms and Flooding in Urban Areas: A Review and Vulnerability Assessment. Journal of Environmental and Public Health,2013, 1-13. doi:10.1155/2013/913064
21. Liao, K. (2012). A Theory on Urban Resilience to Floods--A Basis for Alternative Planning Practices. Ecology and Society,17(4). doi:10.5751/es-05231-170448
22. Livesey, G. (2004). Passages: Explorations of the contemporary city. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: University of Calgary Press.
23. Mikelbank, B. (2008). Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Vacant, Abandoned, and Foreclosed Properties. Retrieved from https://www.clevelandfed.org/newsroom-and-events/publications/special-reports/sr-200811-spatial-analysis-of-impact-of-vacant-abandoned-foreclosed-properties.aspx
24. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications census, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research. (n.d.). Japan's regional future estimated population[PDF].
25. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and Japan Real Estate Institute. (n.d.). Japan House Price. Retrieved August 15, 2016, from https://www.japanmacroadvisors.com/page/category/economic-indicators/ination andprices/house-price/ Accessed 15/08/2016.
26. Muramatsu, N., & Akiyama, H. (2011). Japan: Super-Aging Society Preparing for the Future. The Gerontologist,51(4), 425-432. doi:10.1093/geront/gnr067
27. Nakamura, H. (2012). Urban planning system and machizukuri in Tokyo. SUR (Sustainable Urban Regeneration), 66-71.
28. Okazumi, T., & Nakasu, T. (2015). Lessons learned from two unprecedented disasters in 2011 – Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan and Chao Phraya River flood in Thailand. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,13, 200-206. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.05.008
29. Prevention Web. (n.d.). Japan Disaster & Risk Profile. Retrieved August 10, 2016, from https://www.preventionweb.net/countries/jpn/data/
30. Public Works Research Institute (PWRI). (2013). International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM) under the auspices of UNESCO. Retrieved from http://www.icharm.pwri.go.jp/publication/conference.html
31. Sassen, S. (2005). Informal city: Caracas case (A. B. Tamayo, K. Feireiss, & H. Klumpner, Eds.). Munich, Berlin, London, New York: Prestel Verlag. ISBN: 978-3791333915.
32. Shaw, R. (2014). Recovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami: A Ten-Year Journey. Recovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster Risk Reduction,3-15. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55117-1_1.
33. Shelton, B. (2012). Learning from the Japanese City. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203817971.
34. Sorensen, A. (2009). Neighborhood Streets as Meaningful Spaces: Claiming Rights to Shared Spaces in Tokyo. City & Society,21(2), 207-229. doi:10.1111/j.1548-744x.2009.01022.x
35. Sorensen, A., & Funck, C. (2007). Living Cities in Japan. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203961728.
36. Sorenson, S. (Producer), & Daalsgard, A. (Director). (2012). The Human Scale[Motion Picture]. Copenhagen.
37. Stahle, A. (2016). Economic Values of a walkable city. The city at eye level(2nd ed.). Delft: Eburon Academic.
38. Suriya, S., & Mudgal, B. (2012). Impact of urbanization on flooding: The Thirusoolam sub watershed – A case study. Journal of Hydrology,412-413, 210-219. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.008
39. Taira, A. (2008). A Critical Review of Recent Urban Social Geography in Japan. Geographical Review of Japan,81(5), 279-291. doi:10.4157/grj.81.279
40. Takamura, G. (2015). Vacant Properties: A New Challenge for Commons Studies. International Association for the Study of the Commons. Retrieved from https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/9864/VacantProperties.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
41. Tokyo Metropolitan Government. (2010). Disaster prevention city promotion plan. Nonflammable. Unbreakable. Seismic resilient.Tokyo: Tokyo Urban Development.
42. Tomohiro, H. (2013, July). Hasegawa T. Introduction to the Building Standard Law. The Building Center of Japan (BCJ)[PPT]. Tokyo: Hasegawa T. Introduction to the Building Standard Law. The Building Center of Japan (BCJ). http://www.bcj.or.jp/ Accessed 12/08/2016.
43. Uhlenberg, P. (2000). Integration of Old and Young. The Gerontologist,40(3), 276-279. doi:10.1093/geront/40.3.276
44. Wdowinski Sh, Tsukanov I. (2011). Disaster triggers disaster: Earthquake triggering by tropical cyclones.
Authors
Vankova, K., Nakamura, H., & Witthöft, G. (2018). Synergistic Urban Improvement: Case Study of Hikifune Neighbourhood in Tokyo. Environmental Science & Sustainable Development, 3(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.21625/essd.v3iss2.378
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