Smart Grids for the City of Praia: Benefits and Challenges
Article Sidebar
Submitted
December 31, 2018
Published
December 31, 2018
Keywords:
-
Smart Grid, electric system, integration of renewable energy
Abstract
The current state of the electrical sector in Praia (Cape Verde capital city) is characterized by the high cost of electricity and high levels of technical and commercial losses which is caused by the lack of resources of fossil origin. It is also aggravated by an inadequate investment policy forcing a deep restructuring of the entire sector. In order to take advantage of the existing local natural resources and to have a more efficient, robust, and a fair electric system, it seems inevitable to bet on innovative, intelligent, and secure technology which allows tight integration of renewable energy –mainly wind and photo-voltaic energy. In this regard, the present article discusses the economic, social, and environmental impacts of a smart grid for Praia city. Based on a proposed SG architecture that integrates the existing endogenous resources and technologies, it was possible to identify the main advantages and challenges that the implementation of SG technologies would have for the city.
Full text article
Generated from XML file
References
1. Abou-Ghazala, A., & El-Shennawy, T. (2012). Applying the smart grid concept in Egypt: Challenges and opportunities. In The Fifteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference, MEPCON’12.
2. Agência de Regulação Económica (ARE). (1998). Elenco Dos Direitos Dos Consumidores.
3. Ali, T., Mansur, A. A., Shams, Z. B., Ferdous, S., & Hoque, M. A. (2011). An overview of smart grid technology in Bangladesh: Development and opportunities. 2011 International Conference & Utility Exhibition on Power and Energy Systems: Issues and Prospects for Asia (ICUE). doi:10.1109/icuepes.2011.6497752
4. Anderson, J. (2012). Is There a Smart Grid in Africa's Future? Retrieved from https://breakingenergy.com/2012/05/10/is-there-a-smart-grid-in-africas-future-the-answer-may-surpris/
5. Aroge, A., & Meisen, P. (2014). The Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Integration in Nigeria.
6. Bipath, M. (2014). Proposed Smart Grid Vision for South Africa. Africa Smart Grid Forum, Abidjan: South African Smart Grid Initiative.
7. Boletim Oficial. (2012) Zonas de Desenvolvimento de Energias Renováveis (ZDER). Cape Verde: B.O. no7.
8. Borlase, S. (2013). Smart grids infrastructure, technology, and solutions. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis.
9. Bossart, S. J., & Bean, J. E. (2011). Metrics and benefits analysis and challenges for Smart Grid field projects. IEEE 2011 EnergyTech. doi:10.1109/energytech.2011.5948539
10. Bouhafs, F., Mackay, M., & Merabti, M. (2014). Communication challenges and solutions in the smart grid. New York: Springer.
11. Brown, M. A. (2014). Enhancing efficiency and renewables with smart grid technologies and policies. Futures,58, 21-33. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2014.01.001
12. Câmara de Comércio Indústria e Turismo Portugal Cabo Verde. Geografia e Localização de Cabo Verde. Câmara Comércio Indústria E Tur Port Cabo Verde 2015.
13. Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. (2012). Redes Elétricas Inteligentes: Contexto nacional(pp. 1-176, Rep.). Retrieved from https://www.cgee.org.br/documents/10195/734063/Redes_Eletricas_Inteligentes_22mar13_9539.pdf/36f87ff1-43ed-4f33-9b53-5c869ace9023?version=1.1.
14. Cisco Systems, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) SCEC (2011). Smart Grid Reference Architecture[PPT].
15. Costa A. (n.d.) Os desafios da eficiência energética. Expresso Das Ilhas, N 711 2015:22–3.
16. Crabtree, G., Kocs, E., & Aláan, T. (2014). Energy, society and science: The fifty-year scenario. Futures,58, 53-65. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2014.01.003
17. Dada, J. O. (2014). Towards understanding the benefits and challenges of Smart/Micro-Grid for electricity supply system in Nigeria. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,38, 1003-1014. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.077
18. Direcção Geral de Energia. (2013) Evolução dos indicadores do Sector Energético em Cabo Verde.
19. Direcção Geral de Energia0 (2015). Plano Nacional de Ação para as Energias Renováveis - Período [2015-2020/2030]
20. El-Hawary, M. E. (2016). The Smart Grid—State-of-the-art and future trends. 2016 Eighteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON). doi:10.1109/mepcon.2016.7836856
21. Energy technology perspectives 2012: Pathways to a clean energy system. (2012). Paris, France: OECD/IEA.
22. European technology platform SmartGrids: Vision and strategy for Europes electricity networks of the future. (2006). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
23. Ferreira, M. (2010). Perspectivas e Desafios para a Implantação das Smarts Grids: Um estudo de caso dos EUA, Portugal e Brasil Perspectivas e Desafios para a Implantação das Smarts Grids: Um estudo de caso dos EUA, Portugal e Brasil.(Unpublished master's thesis). Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro. Retrieved from https://pantheon.ufrj.br/bitstream/11422/2457/1/MCAFFerreira.pdf.
24. Fonseca, J. P. D. B. D. (2010). Integração das fontes de energia renovável em ilhas e regiões remotas. Coordenação Editorial e Revisão.
25. Gungor, V. C., Sahin, D., Kocak, T., Ergut, S., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., & Hancke, G. P. (2013). A Survey on Smart Grid Potential Applications and Communication Requirements. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,9(1), 28-42. doi:10.1109/tii.2012.2218253
26. Hamilton, B. A., Miller, J., & Renz, B. (2010). Understanding the benefits of smart grid. National Energy Technology Laboratory, 1.
27. International Energy Agency. (2011). Technology Roadmap. SpringerReference. doi:10.1007/springerreference_7300
28. International Energy Agency. (2011). Technology Road Map: Smart Grids. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/smartgrids_roadmap.pdf.
29. International Energy Agency. (2014). Africa Energy Outlook - A Focus on Energy Prospects in Sub Saharan Africa(Rep.). The infrastructure Consortium for Africa. Retrieved from https://www.icafrica.org/en/knowledge-hub/article/africa-energy-outlook-a-focus-on-energy-prospects-in-sub-saharan-africa-263/.
30. Kuzlu, M. P. (2013). Assessment of communication technologies and network requirements for different smart grid applications. IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) Conference.
31. Kuzlu, M., Pipattanasomporn, M., & Rahman, S. (2014). Communication network requirements for major smart grid applications in HAN, NAN and WAN. Computer Networks,67, 74-88. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2014.03.029
32. Mohassel, R. R., Fung, A. S., Mohammadi, F., & Raahemifar, K. (2014). A Survey on Advanced Metering Infrastructure and its Application in Smart Grids. In IEEE 27th Canadian Conference. Toronto, Canada.
33. Oliveira, M. (2015). Country Action Plans in the ECOWAS. In ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Policy & Investment High Level Forum. Retrieved from www.ecreee.org/event/ecowas-sustainable-energy-policy-investment-high-level-forum
34. Parallelus. (n.d.). South African Smart Grid Initiative. Retrieved 2015, from http://www.sasgi.org.za/
35. Qualcomm. (2012). 3G Cellular Technology for Smart Grid Communications. Retrieved November 4, 2016, from https://www.qualcomm.com/documents/3g-cellular-technology-smart-grid-communications.
36. Sessa, C., & Ricci, A. (2014). The world in 2050 and the New Welfare scenario. Futures,58, 77-90. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2013.10.019
37. Smart Grid Australia. (n.d.) SGA Mission Statement. Retrieved 2015 from https://www.smartgridaustralia.com.au/
38. Smart Grid Communications R&D Roadmap(Rep.). (2015). Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability. Retrieved from https://secure.inl.gov/SmartGrid/Default.aspx.
39. Smart grids and meters - Energy - European Commission. (2018, December 05). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/market-and-consumers/smart-grids-and-meters
40. SMB Smart Grid Strategic Group. (2017). Smart grid standardization roadmap. Geneva, Switzerland: International Electrotechnical Commission.
41. US Energy Information Administration. (2011). Smart Grid Around the World: Selected Overviews. Washington.
42. Uslar, M., Rohjans, S., Bleiker, R., Gonzalez, J., Specht, M., Suding, T., & Weidelt, T. (2010). Survey of Smart Grid standardization studies and recommendations — Part 2. 2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe). doi:10.1109/isgteurope.2010.5638886
43. Vincent, E. N., & Yusuf, S. D. (2014). Integrating renewable energy and smart grid technology into the Nigerian electricity grid system. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 5(09), 220.
44. Welsch, M., Bazilian, M., Howells, M., Divan, D., Elzinga, D., Strbac, G Yumkella, K. (2013). Smart and Just Grids: Opportunities for sub-Saharan Africa: Energy Future Lab, 1-32.
45. What is a smart Grid?(Rep.). (2015). United State Department of Energy.
46. Zaglago, L., Craig, C., & Shah, H. (2013, July). Barriers to nationwide adoption of the smart grid technology in Ghana. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, London, UK (pp. 7-11).
47. Zareen, N., Mustafa, M. W., Al Gizi, A. J., & Alsaedi, M. A. (2012). Worldwide Technological Revolutions and Its Challenges under Smart Grid Paradigm: A Comprehensive Study. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,3(11). Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34992501/researchpaper_Worldwide-Technological-Revolutions-and-Its-Challenges-under-Smart-Grid-Paradigm-A-Comprehensive-Study.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1544963451&Signature=asKbTP3Uccz g8vo6jdaZeflUjo=&response-content-disposition=inline; filename=Worldwide_Technological_Revolutions_and.pdf.
48. Zpryme Smart Grid Insights. (2012). Smart Grid Appliance Market(Rep.). Retrieved from https://en.calameo.com/read/000414633b7114eb71985.
2. Agência de Regulação Económica (ARE). (1998). Elenco Dos Direitos Dos Consumidores.
3. Ali, T., Mansur, A. A., Shams, Z. B., Ferdous, S., & Hoque, M. A. (2011). An overview of smart grid technology in Bangladesh: Development and opportunities. 2011 International Conference & Utility Exhibition on Power and Energy Systems: Issues and Prospects for Asia (ICUE). doi:10.1109/icuepes.2011.6497752
4. Anderson, J. (2012). Is There a Smart Grid in Africa's Future? Retrieved from https://breakingenergy.com/2012/05/10/is-there-a-smart-grid-in-africas-future-the-answer-may-surpris/
5. Aroge, A., & Meisen, P. (2014). The Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Integration in Nigeria.
6. Bipath, M. (2014). Proposed Smart Grid Vision for South Africa. Africa Smart Grid Forum, Abidjan: South African Smart Grid Initiative.
7. Boletim Oficial. (2012) Zonas de Desenvolvimento de Energias Renováveis (ZDER). Cape Verde: B.O. no7.
8. Borlase, S. (2013). Smart grids infrastructure, technology, and solutions. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis.
9. Bossart, S. J., & Bean, J. E. (2011). Metrics and benefits analysis and challenges for Smart Grid field projects. IEEE 2011 EnergyTech. doi:10.1109/energytech.2011.5948539
10. Bouhafs, F., Mackay, M., & Merabti, M. (2014). Communication challenges and solutions in the smart grid. New York: Springer.
11. Brown, M. A. (2014). Enhancing efficiency and renewables with smart grid technologies and policies. Futures,58, 21-33. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2014.01.001
12. Câmara de Comércio Indústria e Turismo Portugal Cabo Verde. Geografia e Localização de Cabo Verde. Câmara Comércio Indústria E Tur Port Cabo Verde 2015.
13. Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. (2012). Redes Elétricas Inteligentes: Contexto nacional(pp. 1-176, Rep.). Retrieved from https://www.cgee.org.br/documents/10195/734063/Redes_Eletricas_Inteligentes_22mar13_9539.pdf/36f87ff1-43ed-4f33-9b53-5c869ace9023?version=1.1.
14. Cisco Systems, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) SCEC (2011). Smart Grid Reference Architecture[PPT].
15. Costa A. (n.d.) Os desafios da eficiência energética. Expresso Das Ilhas, N 711 2015:22–3.
16. Crabtree, G., Kocs, E., & Aláan, T. (2014). Energy, society and science: The fifty-year scenario. Futures,58, 53-65. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2014.01.003
17. Dada, J. O. (2014). Towards understanding the benefits and challenges of Smart/Micro-Grid for electricity supply system in Nigeria. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,38, 1003-1014. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.077
18. Direcção Geral de Energia. (2013) Evolução dos indicadores do Sector Energético em Cabo Verde.
19. Direcção Geral de Energia0 (2015). Plano Nacional de Ação para as Energias Renováveis - Período [2015-2020/2030]
20. El-Hawary, M. E. (2016). The Smart Grid—State-of-the-art and future trends. 2016 Eighteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON). doi:10.1109/mepcon.2016.7836856
21. Energy technology perspectives 2012: Pathways to a clean energy system. (2012). Paris, France: OECD/IEA.
22. European technology platform SmartGrids: Vision and strategy for Europes electricity networks of the future. (2006). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
23. Ferreira, M. (2010). Perspectivas e Desafios para a Implantação das Smarts Grids: Um estudo de caso dos EUA, Portugal e Brasil Perspectivas e Desafios para a Implantação das Smarts Grids: Um estudo de caso dos EUA, Portugal e Brasil.(Unpublished master's thesis). Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro. Retrieved from https://pantheon.ufrj.br/bitstream/11422/2457/1/MCAFFerreira.pdf.
24. Fonseca, J. P. D. B. D. (2010). Integração das fontes de energia renovável em ilhas e regiões remotas. Coordenação Editorial e Revisão.
25. Gungor, V. C., Sahin, D., Kocak, T., Ergut, S., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., & Hancke, G. P. (2013). A Survey on Smart Grid Potential Applications and Communication Requirements. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,9(1), 28-42. doi:10.1109/tii.2012.2218253
26. Hamilton, B. A., Miller, J., & Renz, B. (2010). Understanding the benefits of smart grid. National Energy Technology Laboratory, 1.
27. International Energy Agency. (2011). Technology Roadmap. SpringerReference. doi:10.1007/springerreference_7300
28. International Energy Agency. (2011). Technology Road Map: Smart Grids. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/smartgrids_roadmap.pdf.
29. International Energy Agency. (2014). Africa Energy Outlook - A Focus on Energy Prospects in Sub Saharan Africa(Rep.). The infrastructure Consortium for Africa. Retrieved from https://www.icafrica.org/en/knowledge-hub/article/africa-energy-outlook-a-focus-on-energy-prospects-in-sub-saharan-africa-263/.
30. Kuzlu, M. P. (2013). Assessment of communication technologies and network requirements for different smart grid applications. IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) Conference.
31. Kuzlu, M., Pipattanasomporn, M., & Rahman, S. (2014). Communication network requirements for major smart grid applications in HAN, NAN and WAN. Computer Networks,67, 74-88. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2014.03.029
32. Mohassel, R. R., Fung, A. S., Mohammadi, F., & Raahemifar, K. (2014). A Survey on Advanced Metering Infrastructure and its Application in Smart Grids. In IEEE 27th Canadian Conference. Toronto, Canada.
33. Oliveira, M. (2015). Country Action Plans in the ECOWAS. In ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Policy & Investment High Level Forum. Retrieved from www.ecreee.org/event/ecowas-sustainable-energy-policy-investment-high-level-forum
34. Parallelus. (n.d.). South African Smart Grid Initiative. Retrieved 2015, from http://www.sasgi.org.za/
35. Qualcomm. (2012). 3G Cellular Technology for Smart Grid Communications. Retrieved November 4, 2016, from https://www.qualcomm.com/documents/3g-cellular-technology-smart-grid-communications.
36. Sessa, C., & Ricci, A. (2014). The world in 2050 and the New Welfare scenario. Futures,58, 77-90. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2013.10.019
37. Smart Grid Australia. (n.d.) SGA Mission Statement. Retrieved 2015 from https://www.smartgridaustralia.com.au/
38. Smart Grid Communications R&D Roadmap(Rep.). (2015). Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability. Retrieved from https://secure.inl.gov/SmartGrid/Default.aspx.
39. Smart grids and meters - Energy - European Commission. (2018, December 05). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/market-and-consumers/smart-grids-and-meters
40. SMB Smart Grid Strategic Group. (2017). Smart grid standardization roadmap. Geneva, Switzerland: International Electrotechnical Commission.
41. US Energy Information Administration. (2011). Smart Grid Around the World: Selected Overviews. Washington.
42. Uslar, M., Rohjans, S., Bleiker, R., Gonzalez, J., Specht, M., Suding, T., & Weidelt, T. (2010). Survey of Smart Grid standardization studies and recommendations — Part 2. 2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe). doi:10.1109/isgteurope.2010.5638886
43. Vincent, E. N., & Yusuf, S. D. (2014). Integrating renewable energy and smart grid technology into the Nigerian electricity grid system. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 5(09), 220.
44. Welsch, M., Bazilian, M., Howells, M., Divan, D., Elzinga, D., Strbac, G Yumkella, K. (2013). Smart and Just Grids: Opportunities for sub-Saharan Africa: Energy Future Lab, 1-32.
45. What is a smart Grid?(Rep.). (2015). United State Department of Energy.
46. Zaglago, L., Craig, C., & Shah, H. (2013, July). Barriers to nationwide adoption of the smart grid technology in Ghana. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, London, UK (pp. 7-11).
47. Zareen, N., Mustafa, M. W., Al Gizi, A. J., & Alsaedi, M. A. (2012). Worldwide Technological Revolutions and Its Challenges under Smart Grid Paradigm: A Comprehensive Study. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,3(11). Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34992501/researchpaper_Worldwide-Technological-Revolutions-and-Its-Challenges-under-Smart-Grid-Paradigm-A-Comprehensive-Study.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1544963451&Signature=asKbTP3Uccz g8vo6jdaZeflUjo=&response-content-disposition=inline; filename=Worldwide_Technological_Revolutions_and.pdf.
48. Zpryme Smart Grid Insights. (2012). Smart Grid Appliance Market(Rep.). Retrieved from https://en.calameo.com/read/000414633b7114eb71985.
Authors
Mendes, C. F. P., Bernal-Agustín, J. L., Elgueta-Ruiz, Álvaro, & Dufo-López, R. (2018). Smart Grids for the City of Praia: Benefits and Challenges. Environmental Science & Sustainable Development, 3(2), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.21625/essd.v3iss2.376
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution: other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
With the understanding that the above condition can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication manuscript (but not the Publisher's final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access). Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher's request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author's own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- The Work is the Author's original work;
- The Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- The Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- The Work has not previously been published;
- The Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- The Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author's breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 7 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher's use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.