Study on the Value of Busan Wartime Capital Heritage Evidence of Humanity
Abstract
The heritage of Busan, recognized as the wartime capital, stands as a remarkable testament to the urgent collaboration among the government, citizens, and the United Nations to ensure the safety of the people and protect refugees during the Korean War (June 25, 1950 - July 27, 1953), the first conflict of the Cold War. The principle of humanity, central to the UN's mission, is intrinsically linked to the existence and protection of human rights in the Republic of Korea, a nation that adopted a liberal democratic system in 1948, as well as to the events of the Korean War.
In this regard, this analysis will examine how the attributes of humanity—coexistence, solidarity, and inclusion—were implemented in government operations, refugee life, and international cooperation facilities during Busan's tenure as a wartime capital, and whether these principles continue to be upheld today. During the Korean War, Busan served as a wartime capital for 1,023 days (First Period: August 18, 1950 - October 26, 1950, Second Period: January 4, 1951 - August 14, 1953). Most of the facilities associated with the wartime capital were repurposed from existing structures. However, even after the armistice agreement on July 27, 1953, rapid urban development occurred, and these facilities have been well preserved in Busan's city center for over 70 years. This study analyzes the values and significance of a heritage site in Busan Wartime Capital during the Korean War, which was used for emergency purposes and has maintained its vitality during the post-war urbanization process. Given its humanity-linked nature, we compare it with similar World Heritage sites to discuss its uniqueness. We also analyze the key attributes of coexistence, solidarity, and inclusiveness, which constitute the site's core values. This analysis establishes a domestic and international foundation for the protection of Busan Wartime Capital Heritage.
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Article Details
Accepted 2026-02-10
Published 2026-07-31