Properties of PMMA Bone Cement Modified with Nano-hydroxyapatite and Acetone
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21625/archive.v2i4.393Keywords:
Poly methylmethacrylate, acetone, hydroxyapatite, adjacent fracture, residual monomer, stiffnessAbstract
Fracture in the adjacent levels is one of the consequences to the use of commercial poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. Modified PMMA with a reduced Young’s modulus was found to be safer for cancellous bone augmentation procedures. The aim of this research was to study the effect of adding hydroxyapatite (HA) nano-particles and acetone on different properties of PMMA cement. A commercial PMMA cement was used as a model for bone cement. Three groups of modified PMMA/nano-HA were investigated by adding 2, 4 and 6 wt. % of HA. Acetone as a porogen mixed with distilled water in different amounts (A/W: 1:1, 2:1.5 and 2:1g) was used to produce porous PMMA cement. The residual monomer, polymerization and mechanical properties under tension and compression tests were investigated. Young’s modulus detected from compression test decreased from 826.5±10 to 728±66 MPa by adding 6wt.% HA. Adding acetone to PMMA with 2:1.5g (A/W) has decreased the compressive Young’s modulus to 753±38 MPa. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) measurements were carried out with intervals of 2 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours to evaluate the residual monomer for all groups. The amount of residual monomer has decreased after 24 hours of curing by adding acetone and nano-HA. Modifying PMMA by HA and acetone have inconsistent effect on the polymerization temperature. It was concluded that HA and acetone can be used to reduce the stiffness and residual monomer with enhanced biocompatibility of the commercial PMMA bone cement.References
Jin Luo, Daniel M. Skrzypiec, Phillip Pollintine, Michael A. Adams, Deborah J.Williams, Patricia Dolan.
Mechanical efficacy of vertebroplasty Influence of cement type, BMD, fracture severity, and disc degeneration. Bone 2007;40:1110-1119.
Kay Sun, Michael A. K. Liebschner. Evolution of Vertebroplasty: A Biomechanical Perspective. Annals of
Biomedical Engineering 2004;1:77-91.
Amos Racea, Kenneth A. Manna, Avram A. Edidinb. Mechanics of bone/PMMA composite structures: An
invitro study of human vertebrae. Journal of Biomechanics 2007;40:1002-1010.
Andreas Boger, Kurtis Wheeler, Andrea Montali, Elliot Gruskin. NMP-Modified PMMA Bone Cement with
Adapted Mechanical and Hardening Properties for the Use in Cancellous Bone Augmentation. Appl Biomater 2009; 90B:60-766.
Bryan T. H. Koh, J.H. Tan, Amit Kumarsing Ramruttun,Wilson Wang. Effect of storage temperature and
equilibration time on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement polymerization in joint replacement surgery. J Orthop Surg Res. 2015;10:178-184.
R.F. Vargas Coronado,L.H. Chan-Chan,J.M. Cervantes-Uc, J.V. Cauich-Rodr´ıguez, M.C. Pina Barba. Characterization of Bone Cements Prepared with either Hydroxyapatite, α-TCP or Bovine Bone. Articulo de investigation 2013;34: 89-96.
Seok Bong Kim, Young Jick Kim, Taek Lim Yoon, Su A. Park, In Hee Choa. The characteristics of a hydroxyapatite–chitosan–PMMA bone cement. Biomaterials 2004;25:5715-5723.
Changyun Quan, Yong Tang, Zhenzhen Liu, Minyu Rao, Wei Zhang, Peiqing Liang, Nan Wu, Chao Zhang,
Huiyong Shen, Qing Jiang. Effect of modification degree of nanohydroxyapatite on biocompatibility and mechanical property of injectable poly (methyl methacrylate)-based bone cement. Society for Biomaterials Wiley Online Library 2015.
Seyed Mojtaba Zebarjad, Seyed Abdolkarim Sajjadi, Tahere Ebrahimi Sdrabadi, Amir Yaghmaei, Behrooz Naderi. A Study on Mechanical Properties of PMMA/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite. Engineering 2011; 3:795-801.
S.M.Kurtz, M.L.Villarraga, K.Zhao, A.A.Edidin. Static and fatigue mechanical behavior of bone cement with elevated barium sulfate content for treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Biomaterials 2005; 26:3699-3712.
M.A. Lopez Heredia, Y. Saa, P. Salmon, J.R. de Wijn, J.G.C. Wolke, J.A. Jansen. Bulk properties and bioactivity assessment of porous polymethylmethacrylate cement loaded with calcium phosphates under simulated physi-ological conditions. Acta Biomaterialia 2012;8: 3120-3127.
Dario T. Berutoa, Rodolfo Bottera, Milena Fini. The effect of water in inorganic microsponges of calcium phosphates on the porosity and permeability of composites made with polymethylmethacrylate. Biomaterials 2002;23:2509-2517.
Jing Han, Guiping Ma, Jun Nie. A facile fabrication of porous PMMA as a potential bone substitute. Materials Science and Engineering 2011;C 31:1278-1284.
Takeshi Matsubayashi, Bin Ding, Mizuki Tenjimbayashi, Kengo Manabe, Kyu-Hong Kyung, and Seimei
Shiratori. A facile method of synthesizing size-controlled hollow cyanoacrylate nanoparticles for transparent superhydrophobic/oleophobic surfaces. The Royal Society of Chemistry RSC Adv. 2016;6,15877-15883.
SIDS Initial Assessment Report (SIAR) for the 9th SIAM Paris, France.1999:29-30.
Sergei S. Likhodii, Irina Serbanescu, O. Carter Snead III, Patricia Murphy Miguel A. Cortez, and W. McIntyre Burnham. Anticonvulsant Properties of Acetone, A Brain Ketone Elevated by the Ketogenic Diet. Annals of Neurology 2003; 54(2), 219-226.
Habib M, Hussein K, Baroud G, Fatahalla N. Correlation between stoichiometry and pH in the wet-chemical synthesis of calcium orthophosphates. Book of proceedings, No 23/ E Cells and Materials J. 25th Interdisciplinary Research Conference on Injectable Osteoarticular Biomaterials and Bone Augmentation Procedures GRIBOI, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2015; May 18th-20th.
Sebastian Balos1, Mladomir Milutinovic, Michal Potran , Jelena Vuletic ,Tatjana Puskar, Tomaz Pepelnjak. The Mechanical Properties of Moulded and Thermoformed Denture Resins. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015;61:138-145.
ISO 8641 (1997): Implants for Surgery-Acrylic Resin Cements [MHD 2: Orthopaedic Instruments, Implants and Accessories].
R Betul Ica, Fırat Ozturk; Burhan Ates; Meral Arslan Malkoc; Unzile Kelestemur. Level of residual monomer released from orthodontic acrylic materials. The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc 2014; Vol 84, No 5:862-867.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution: other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
With the understanding that the above condition can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication manuscript (but not the Publisher's final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access). Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher's request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author's own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- The Work is the Author's original work;
- The Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- The Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- The Work has not previously been published;
- The Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- The Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author's breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 7 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher's use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
