The main components of the Parking Guidance Information (PGI) system are Vehicle Detection Processors (VDPs) and Variable Message Signs (VMS). In addition, each car park will be equipped with a central processor which controls each PGI system.

VDPs are installed at vehicle entry and exit points within a defined area or zone to perform the vehicle counting function. These patented innovative VDPs have been designed to provide a highly accurate vehicle monitoring solution, allowing the operator to reliably display space availability and guidance information to users of their car parks. As a result of the high degree of accuracy, customers of the car parks will place confidence in the information provided and, consequently, will heavily influence their parking behavior. Customers who have satisfactory experiences of car parks that provide reliable guidance information will be more likely to use these facilities on a regular basis. It will enhance their overall usage experience of not only the car parking facilities, but also their experience of the adjacent facilities (e.g. shopping Centre, restaurants, hotels, etc.).

The e-Park system is designed to provide effective PGI solutions to individual car parks as well as offering the possibility of linking a large number of car parks together, as illustrated in Figures1-4, and the Results of PGI system and the positive effects, as illustrated in table 1.



Figure 3

Figure 4

Table 1

Direct results.	Improving the management of the attitudes and quality of service.	Easy to get empty parking. Maximize efficiency and increase operational efficiency.
Positive effects (indirect)	Save time and effort.	Avoid parking fully encumbered positions and identify the empty place easily
		Improve the flow of traffic.	Reduce the number of cars parked illegally on both sides of the road by absorbing them inside the parking. Reduce traffic associated with search for empty parking.
		Increase economic profits.	Increasing productivity of individuals as a result of not being delayed from work. Reduce fuel losses. Increased parking income due to optimal utilization.
		The reduction of environmental damage and health.	Reduce the amount of emissions from cars and thus reduce the rates of environmental pollution and noise.

It is a parking management technique, a parking system that resembles a parking guidance and information system, but directs the driver to Park and Ride lots.

Park and Ride are parking lots connected to public transport stations located in or near the city, for cheap or no costs. The aim is to leave cars away from the city center, and to travel by public transport (bus, railway, metro...).

To facilitate Park and Ride, Parking guidance and information are used to determine available parking which management by Park and Ride system. As illustrated in Figures 6, 7, and the Results of Park and Ride system and the positive effects, as illustrated in table 2.

Table 2

direct results	Reduce the rate of use of the car.	Providing parking spaces at the transport station. Improving the level of public transport service and increasing the rates of use.
The positive effects (indirect)	Improving the management of the attitudes and service quality.	Easy to get empty parking. Maximize efficiency and increase operational efficiency.
		Save time and effort.	Reducing the search for parking in the city centers.
		Improve the flow of traffic.	Reduce the number of cars parked illegally on both sides of the road by absorbing them inside the parking. Reduce the traffic associated with the search for empty parking.
		Increase economic profits.	Increasing productivity of individuals as a result of not being delayed from work. Reduce fuel losses. Increased parking income due to optimal utilization
		The reduction of environmental damage and health.	Reduce the amount of emissions from cars and thus reduce the rates of environmental pollution and noise.

A technique for managing the payment of parking fees, which uses electronic payment techniques (EPSs) to pay fees, to overcome the disadvantages of cash payment methods. (Adeeb, 2016).

In addition to automated fee collection systems, various alternative advanced payment systems have started to appear. Some of the most commonly used systems include: (François and others, 2011).

Illustrated in Figures 7, 8, and the Results of Park and Ride system and the positive effects, as illustrated in table 3.

A parking management technology that acts as a parking inter mediation service, an interactive online marketplace that allows for parking reservation and payment of fees with smart systems and is based on the principle of electronic commerce. (Adeeb, 2016). The system works through: ) Thomas and Other, 2004).

The parking space provider offers parking space available for reservation. This information is registered in the PSOS database.

Users are able to access the PSOS via Internet or WAP for obtaining parking information or for making a reservation request. The reservation request is registered in the PSOS database.

The PSOS sends the booking information and access code to the end user subject to the acceptance of the reservation request by the Parking Space Provider.

The car enters and exits the parking facilities using Bluetooth to open the barrier.

Once the car exits the car park electronic payments is made and the whole operation is registered in the PSOS.

As illustrated in Figures 9 : E-parking System functionality, and the Results of E-parking System and the positive effects, as illustrated in table 4.

Automatic parking system (APS) was developed in order to reduce the area designated for parking cars. Similarly, as in the case of multi-level car parks, so in the case of APS, the approach taken is to park vehicles in multi-level vertical stacks in such a way as to limit the use of the land designated for car park while ensuring the maximum number of parking spaces. In the literature. (Slęzok, 2015).

Automatic parking is based on the unit system, which is the basic design standard. The cars are parked in these units vertically and above the other on multiple levels. These vertical units are assembled and installed together in a variety of flexible and varied ways, and how they deal with the surface of the land, some of which are built on the top of the land or the bottom of the surface of the land or a mixed structure in order to ensure optimal work for parking places (Adeeb, 2016). Figure 10, 11, 12.



Figure 12

Automatic parking systems are uniquely space efficient. The cars are stacked into snug compartments using a robotic arm, platforms or lift systems and due to the absence of passengers the parking space doesn’t have to be as wide as in a conventional parking lot. There’s no need for ramps, pedestrian footpaths, staircases or walkways (Lies, 2018).

APS has come a long way since then, and the terminology used to describe such systems includes: “Mechanical Parking System, Robotic Parking System, Rotary Parking System, Automatic Parking, and Stacked Parking” (Lies, 2018).

There are five smart payment systems to take advantage of the parking lot service in Dubai, as shown in table no 6.

In line with the DMCC Smart Zone strategy and the ongoing efforts to enhance the experience and comfort of the Jumeirah Lakes Towers community, we have collaborated with the RTA in Dubai to provide smart parking for short-term visitors at the upper and public levels, as in figure no 13.

Drivers will be allowed to pay parking fees through the m-Parking system of the Authority via SMS easily and easily, or through the application of intelligent smart parking dedicated to this end.

Comment: The experience of Dubai can be used in smart parking in Egypt, but it requires the development of infrastructure, and encourage domestic investment in this field.

Areas in central Cairo will be studied and analyzed through three points: types of parking spaces, geographical distribution of parking spaces, and analysis of parking spaces.

The analysis of the current parking conditions in Cairo's Central Business District is based on an analysis of the current public parking spaces, the efficiency of their geographical distribution, Planning problems related to the garage relationship in its surroundings, and the systems used to operate them to reach the most important measures.

Capacity: According to a survey conducted by the World Bank Group in 2014 on traffic in Cairo, the average traffic capacity of the main roads (for the central commercial district in Cairo) is between 3000 – 7000 vehicles/ hour in both directions morning and evening, and private cars are more than 55% The capacity of parking spaces currently available is limited and insufficient. (World Bank Group, 2014)

Geographical distribution: The geographical distribution of the parking spaces in the study area (Figure 16) shows its concentration on the boundaries of the urban area of the main business area such as Abdel Moneim Riad, Tahrir, Ataba, Opera and Ramses. It is considered an uneven distribution and increases the walking distances between the parking and the working areas. This is due to the accumulation of urbanization and the lack of available land for the construction of public parks with adequate capacity.

Operating Systems : All the parking lots and parking areas in the study area do not use smart systems to provide service, which leads to random work, lack of information about empty spaces in garages, and increase the time and effort required to receive the service, but some parking areas in the study area using the system Smart payment but not fully where one of the garage staff to pay instead of the owner of the car such as Opera, Tahrir Garage.

Planning problems related to the garage relationship in its surroundings: There are many planning problems related to the garage relationship in its surroundings leading to problems in the efficiency of the work of garages, including the engineering standards for the design of roads such as (physical bottlenecks, turns-U, Poor road surface quality, Speed bumps) . And awareness of road etiquette and manners by various entities such as (no lane discipline, ubiquitous jaywalking, and illegal stops by transit and other vehicles). And traffic management control such as (poor control at intersections, and lack of modern technologies for traffic management). (World Bank Group, 2014).

The recommendations and plan for the development of parking systems in the Central Business District in Cairo in particular, and Greater Cairo in general, are based on the application of the different systems of the smart parking, which were explained in the theoretical part of this research in section 3.2, in line with the issues and problems that emerged from analyzing the current conditions of parking places In accordance with regulation.

The first phase will cover the processing of infrastructure and the limited application of intelligent parking systems on the existing parking units. The second phase aims to plan and implement new parking and full implementation of smart parking systems. The third phase is to cover all requirements for smart parking, innovation and development, In table 8.