GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS AND CULTURAL TRADITION AS DETERMINANTS IN SUSTAINING TOURISM VILLAGE PROGRAM CASE STUDY TOURISM VILLAGES IN YOGYAKARTA

Ecotourism, as a part of sustainable tourism, has been growing rapidly in Indonesia in many rural areas in Yogyakarta. This is because mass tourism changed the emphasis onto nature and cultural tourism so that rural tourism became interesting to tourists. This paper aims to study the development of rural tourism in Yogyakarta in terms of mileage, geographical conditions, period of growth and tourist attractions. Descriptive analysis is used to identify the influence factors based on distribution of location, historical factors, and cultural and geographical conditions in tourism villages in Yogyakarta. Rural tourism in Yogyakarta has been growing since the year 2000. The dominant attraction is related to cultural tourism based on community participation. Research results show that geographic condition and local cultural tradition, which support the traditional daily income of the local community, became the determinant factors in sustaining the touristic village of Yogyakarta.


Introduction
Yogyakarta as a tourist destination has a uniqueness that attract tourists both domestic and foreign. Along with the development of the tourism industry, tourist interest began to change from a mass tourism destination to a tourist destination with a small group that prioritizes experience. Ecotourism and special interest is a "trend" that need to be observed. (Fandeli, 2000). An open country that prioritizes sustainable tourism is interesting for today's trevelers. (ITB, 2016). Ecotourism is a relatively new tourism trend in Indonesia, although internationally since October 1999 the World Tourism Organization has actually issued "Global Code of Ethics for Tourism" as encouragement to the countries of the world to develop sustainable tourism. (UNWTO, GLOBAL CODE OF ETHICS FOR TOURISM, 2001) As an extension of alternative tourism, ecotourism has evolved as a consequence of dissatisfaction with conventional forms of tourism in general, ignoring social and ecological elements, which favor anthropocentricity, as well as making a more centralized profit approach to offering tourist products. (Fennell, 2008).  (Hadiwijoyo, 2012). The development of agrarian-based village into a tourism village is an interesting phenomenon that needs to be studied continuously. Theoretically this "trend" is a positive phenomenon as a feature of sustainable environment. This paper aims to examine the potential tourist attractions of tourism villages sustainability in

Method
Research conducted to get the study of the distribution of this tourist village use explorative paradigm by using relationship analysis between the factors supporting the sustainability of the tourist village with existing condition in Yogyakarta province. Generally, this research attempts to clarify the relationship pattern between 2 or more variables with reality condition. (Groat & Wang, 2013). The analysis process is done by using secondary data archive analysis to know what, who and how many. (Yin, 2003). This method is chosen because it focuses on the contextual context of the present. The supporting factors of the sustainability of the tourist village are taken based on the requirements of the tourism village, i.e : accessibility, attractions, community, security, accommodation, climate and networking. (DIPARTA-DIY, 2014 ); (Priasukmana & Mulyadin, 2001). Measurement of distribution to take aspect of time of establishment of tourist village which is associated with the declaration of village tourism programs by the government, so this study can examine what influences the sustainability of tourist villages in 4 districts based on the time of its establishment. Schematically, the flow of discussion of this paper can be seen through the chart in Figure 1 below.

Overview of Tourism Village in Yogyakarta
Village tourism program in Yogyakarta emerged as a response to the establishment of the Community Based Tourism program proclaimed by the Indonesian government, But the concept of rural tourism has begun to be developed since 1998 by Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X as the governor of Yogyakarta who also domiciled as the king of the Sultan's Palace. Yogyakarta as a special region has unique characteristics that distinguish with other provinces in Indonesia. The customary position of the king can affect daily life of local community in Yogyakarta. King as the traditional leader as well as the governor as the administrative leader of the government cause relationship the leaders and people of Yogyakarta become intimately. Given the long history of the Yogyakarta Palace which was founded in 1755, the existence of Kraton Yogyakarta can not be separated from buffer zone in the form of rural area which holds many roles such as agricultural production centers and crops, security of the region to the spread of religion. (Abimanyu, 2015). The village became the backbone of the Yogyakarta's agrarian tradition. Kraton Yogyakarta attention to rural development cause rural tourism become an alternative income society as well as a means of preserving the natural environment of rural areas, both physically and non-physically in the form of daily tradition. The condition behind the emergence of the concept of rural tourism in Yogyakarta cause priority of the development of tourism villages in Yogyakarta more directed to the tradition-based tourist village, both daily and cultural artifacts.
Ecotourism rests on rural tourism, nature tourism and cultural tourism. (Nugroho, 2011). Theoretically this "trend" is a positive phenomenon if seen as a feature of a sustainable environment. Villages are being treated to remain a beautiful village to reduce the villagers' willingness to sell land that gradually becomes new settlement land and reduce fertile land. One of the efforts that can be done to protect rice fields in the suburbs is by developing creative industries, namely sustainable tourism. In line with this, World Tourism Organization defines sustainable tourism development as a development that meets the needs of today's travelers, while protecting and encouraging opportunities for the foreseeable future. Rural sustainable tourism means developing rural areas into tourism villages based on the sustainability of the natural environment, which rely on agrarian lifestyles, and authenticity of nature as one of the tourist attractions, but has a greater economic value than before. Based on data of tourism villages in Yogyakarta, distribution of tourism villages are more dominant in Sleman and Bantul districts as agricultural production centers as shown in the map in Figure 2 below. -Tourism village based on the uniqueness of natural resources as the main attraction (mountains, plantations and agriculture, coastal areas). This tourism village has a rural area with unique locations in the mountains, valleys, beaches, rivers, lakes and various other unique landscape forms, so that the village has the attraction of the beauty of the view and landscape to attract tourist visits.
-The tourism village is based on the uniqueness of cultural and natural resources as the main attraction. This tourism village that has a rural area with a fascination that is a blend of the uniqueness of cultural traditions (customs, tradition and pattern of community life) and natural tourism resources (the beauty of landscape).
-Tourism village based on the uniqueness of creative economic activities (traditional craft industry). This tourism village has a rural area with a fascination as a tourist destination through the uniqueness of creative economic activities that grow and develop from local community industry activities, as well as a distinctive artistic activity.
These four typologies are the basis of identification of tourist attractions for the development of tourism villages in Yogyakarta.

Development of a tourism village in Yogyakarta
Vincentia Reni Vitasurya / The Academic Research Community Publication pg. 4 The development of tourism village in Yogyakarta can't be separated from rural development in general. Rural development is an effort to improve and equalize the economy, especially in rural areas. Rural areas are transformed as a result of village development. The transformation can't be directed to the evolution of agricultural villages into industrial villages and then into trade villages, but every type of village development can build together. (Agusta, 2014). Connected with the development of the tourism sector, in particular the transformation can lead to cultural transition such as the transition of society and agrarian culture to industrial culture (tourism) and transition of a closed society into an open society with a global culture. (Setyadi, 2007). Two forms of transition are more dominant in the villages that become tourist destinations. The development of traditional and cultural-based tourist villages is an effort to prevent the change of local values in rural communities in Yogyakarta.
In line with that opinion, locations that are supported by physical potential with local culture can be a driver and controller of the development of tourist villages. (Pudianti, 2012). Tourism development attraction i.e. cultural tradition attraction, nature, a blend of cultural and natural traditions and local crafts in line with period of the establishment of tourist village. They can be supporting factor for the development of tourism villages which can identify the sustainability of tourist villages in Yogyakarta. Identification of the distribution of the number of tourism villages in Yogyakarta according to tourist attractions in each district can be described by the graph in Figure 3 below.  Source : Author, 2017 The identification of dominant tourist attractions shows that the tourist attractions that drive the tourism village are the geographical physical conditions that are visible through the natural attractions (see Table 1 (see table  1 column 2). Further seen in column 4, the physical geographic mix in the form of natural attractions and cultural attractions can be a potential for tourism village development. So it can be concluded that the two things are decisive in the development of programs that can affect the sustainability of tourism villages in Yogyakarta until today.

Geographical Physical Condition and Cultural Tradition in sustaining tourism village program
Geographical physical condition and cultural tradition is a tourist attraction that becomes attraction for tourists to visit. The uniqueness of the geographical physical condition and cultural traditions of a village become important in the development of tourism villages, especially in the province of Yogyakarta. Sustainability of tourist villages, both as a concept of community empowerment to develop the village as well as the response of rural tourism program, can be identified by looking at the potential of tourist attraction.

Development of Tourism Village in Yogyakarta before the declaration of village tourism program
In the era before the declaration of village tourism program, tourism villages grow by rely on natural attraction as  Beside tourist attractions that rely on geographical physical condition, tourism villages in Yogyakarta also rely on tradition and culture as a tourist attraction. The existence of cultural tradition became the forerunner of the concept of rural tourism-based village development initiated by Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X in 1999 at the East Asian Tourism Forum (EATOF) program in Brayut village. (Utomo, 2017). The concept of rural tourism is emerging because the village as a buffer zone of the city needs an alternative way to improve its development. Authenticity agrarian-based cultural traditions by rely on the physical conditions of geographic become an attraction offered to tourists. Villages that have a homogeneous character cause the influence of modernization does not affect the daily lives of citizens. Brayut tourism village and Tembi tourism village emerged as model of cultural-based tourist village. Brayut tourism village in Sleman district was inaugurated in 1999, has the attractiveness of a variety of traditional Javanese dwelling architecture that shows the high level of socio-economic level of this villagers in the past. Traditional Javanese house located in Brayut still occupied by the owner and his descendants to this day, so the condition is well maintained (see figure 6c). Entering the tourist village Brayut, like entering the laboratory architecture of a traditional living house. This uniqueness becomes an attraction for tourists. Meanwhile, Tembi tourism village in Bantul regency was inaugurated in 1997, rely on the tourist attraction of Java rural atmosphere. The beautiful atmosphere supported by the tradition of mendong crafts (made of pandanus plants) combined with the agriculture cause Tembi became one of the destinations of foreign tourists who come to Yogyakarta. (see figure  7d). pg. 6 c.
d.     Villagers's daily cultural traditions including crafts and cultural artifacts become an interesting tourist attraction, considering Yogyakarta is known as a cultural city. Tradition is more potential to invite tourists back to visit because of the emotional involvement with the local community in the tourist village.
a. b.  The trend of the development of tourist interest is behind the development of village tourism program so that leads to nature tourism that blends with cultural traditions. In table 1, can be seen that typology of rural tourism that relies on the combination of nature and tradition become more developed after declaration of the program. In other words, geographical physical conditions, cultural traditions and the combination of the two became the determinant of the sustainability of the tourist village in Yogyakarta. To maintain the sustainability, tourism villages need human resources as a driving attraction. Good management by rural communities can result in sustained improvements in the economy.

Community participation as a driver in the development of tourism village
The development of tourist villages to improve the welfare of rural communities needs to be accompanied by efforts to empower the village community mainly related to the knowledge of sustainable tourism. Communitybased sustainable cultural tourism involves tangible utilization and intangible cultural resources to support the cultural, social and economic vitality of local communities, creating understanding among stakeholders, making it easier to provide authentic and interesting experiences for visitors. (UNWTO, Tourism and Culture Partnership in Peru -Models for Collaboration, 2016). The empowerment process undertaken by the community is expected to be the responsibility of the community themself. Local community can have the ability to make decisions and carry out all decisions individually or in groups, in utilizing local resources to improve their welfare. (Sutawa, 2012).
The key to the development of tourist villages is the participation of villagers in the village. Community participation in rural areas of Yogyakarta is quite good considering the tradition of "gotong royong" a mutual cooperation that is still attached to the daily lives of citizens. Javanese culture of mutual respect and "tepa selira" (understanding each other) resulted in reliable community participation. On the other hand the typical character of the village community such as the desire to move forward, competing and achieving success can be a motivation for the community to develop their village As happened in Pentingsari tourism village district of Sleman. Despite being located in an isolated access area, but the strong desire of Pentingsari villagers can prove to be the best tourism village. (Vitasurya, 2016).

Conclusions
The sustainability of the tourist village in Yogyakarta is dominated by the factors that become the determinants : -Geographical physical condition, the beauty and authenticity of the preserved landscape becomes an attraction if it has a unique uniqueness like Pentingsari, Kalibiru, Nglanggeran but need to be added with the uniqueness that touches the emotions of visitors to return. In the era after the declaration of village tourism program, geographical physical condition with the natural tourist attraction develops when there is activity to attract visitors.
-Tradition of local culture, the uniqueness of tradition in the daily life of the community is an attraction for tourists. The uniqueness that touches the emotions will bring longing to return.
Geographical and local physical conditions become dominant in the sustainability of tourist villages in Yogyakarta. But it can move with the support of community participation. Based on the above analysis can be concluded that the two factors are mutually influence to maintain the sustainability of tourist villages in Yogyakarta.